Sample Report
This sample report displays one of the 18 different profiles you will see in your full report
(Reports are provided in pdf format)
Nutritional - Carbohydrate Profile
TCF7L2 - rs7903146
TCF7L2 or transcription factor 7 like 2 is a gene that alters the expression of other genes that control insulin after the consumption of carbohydrates and saturated fats (but mostly carbohydrates). It is involved in the Wnt signalling pathway, a group of signalling transduction pathways that pass signals into cells via their surface receptors.
This is known as the largest risk factor gene for glucose regulation, insulin production as well as inflammation in the colon upon the consumption of carbohydrates. Variance (T allele) within this gene greatly increases blood glucose and insulin levels significantly increasing weight and BMI. It also has impaired beta cell function (pancreatic cells that release insulin) following carbohydrate consumption further impacting weight and blood glucose regulation. This is one of 2 TCF7L2 SNPS reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes. Both have equal power (92% correlation) to estimate the risk of T2DM.
Normal Allele: C Variant Allele: T
You are: CT
Variant:
Increased weight, BMI following carbohydrate consumption and saturated fat intake.
Altered glucose and insulin levels
Increased risk of type 11 diabetes by 2-fold for homozygote variants and heterozygotes have a 1.4 fold increase.
Increased risk for metabolic syndrome.
Increased abdominal adiposity
Increased colon cancer
IRS1 - rs2943641
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is a ligand of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and is central to the insulin receptor signal transduction pathway. IRS1 is the major protein initiating the stimulation of glucose transport in both muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, this protein plays a key role in the insulin signalling through body tissues. Deregulation in IRS1 expression and function has been reported in insulin-resistant states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
More specifically, the IRS1 gene makes the protein IRS-1 that binds to insulin and IGF-1 receptors. This binding then causes phosphorylation which then in turn activates a multitude of signalling pathways, many of those involving glucose and insulin regulation.
Variance within this gene cause an increase in glucose uptake contributing to obesity, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance and triglyceride formation upon carbohydrate consumption.
IRS1 is also involved in the P13K pathway. P13K or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is part of a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, and motility, all of which are turned on in cancer. This specific pathway of PI3K and IRS-1 is involved in insulin and glucose insensitivity of cancerous tumours as well as altered benefits of calorie restriction on the tumours.
Normal Allele: T Variant Allele: C
You are: CC
Variant:
Decreased IRS1 protein production. Increased insulin resistance
Increased glucose levels ·
Increased obesity
Increased risk of Type 11 Diabetes
Increased risk of Metabolic Syndrome
Increased risk of cancers – colorectal, lung, prostate and breast
GIPR - rs2287019
GIPR or gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor, also called glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is an important peptide hormone that is synthesized in the duodenum and small intestine and binds to glucosedependant insulinotropic peptide receptors or GIP’s after a meal rich in carbohydrates.
GIPRs are abundant in a variety of tissues including the pancreas, adipocytes, brain and stomach, and thus GIP signalling is involved in a variety of pathways linked to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
Some of the major roles of GIPR include the inhibition of gastric acid secretions and gastrin release, but more importantly stimulates insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose following carbohydrate consumption. The variant T allele of this gene presents with higher blood glucose levels and impaired insulin secretion following carbohydrate ingestion increasing the risk of obesity and diabetes.
Normal Allele: C Variant Allele: T
You are: CT
Variant:
Increased GIPR production and activity
Increased insulin resistance
increased glucose levels
Increased obesity
Increased abdominal fat
Increased BMI
Increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes
Recommendation for Carbohydrates
You are sensitive to carbohydrates. You make more insulin and inflammatory substrates to carbohydrates, destabilizing blood sugars with greater ease, increasing inflammation particularly in the bowel and stomach, and significantly increasing weight gain upon carbohydrate consumption.
Keep grains, starches, fruits or alcohol (see list of these carbohydrates to moderate below) to a maximum of 2 meals per day, where the physical size of the carbohydrate is half the physical size of the protein for 8 weeks. After the 8-week period, then it can increase to 3 meals per day. Do not use sweets as your carbohydrate on a regular basis, save that as a treat.
Keep healthy vegetables such as broccoli, zucchini, peppers and cauliflower, as your main carbohydrate source. You can consume unlimited quantities of these vegetables and salads, avoiding the starchy ones below.
Specific Carbohydrates to moderate:
Grains: breads, pastas, rice, corn, popcorn, quinoa, legumes, muffins, crackers etc
Starches: potato, sweet potato, yam, squash, carrot, beets, turnip etc
Fruits: all fruits except the tomato, berries are the best choice
Alcohol: wine, spirits, beer etc
Sweets: cakes, pastries, cookies, candy, soda pop, hot chocolate etc
Treatment Support
Metabolic Xtra By Pure Encapsulations or Berb-Evail by Designs for Health – 1 capsule 30 minutes before meals for 8 weeks if blood sugars are unstable.
L-Glutamine by Pure Encapsulations– 1 scoop in food or water per day for one bottle to help repair any GI inflammation.